![]() ![]() Under the music condition, participants exercised 10.7% longer ( p = 0.035 Effect size (ES) = 0.28) (increase of 1 min) and had higher HR (4% p = 0.043 ES = 0.25), breathing frequency (11.6% p < 0.001 ES = 0.57), and RER (7% at TTF p = 0.021 ES = 1.1) during exercise, as measured at the exercise end-point. The purpose of this with-participant design study was to compare the effects of high tempo music (130 bpm) to a no-music condition during repeated high intensity cycling bouts (80% of peak power output (PPO)) on the following measures: time to exercise end-point, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), breathing frequency, ventilatory kinetics and blood lactate (BL). However, the effects of music are less conclusive with high-intensity activities. Music has been shown to reduce rating of perceived exertion, increase exercise enjoyment and enhance exercise performance, mainly in low-moderate intensity exercises.
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